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| Post = Marquis Jing | Other = "Fledging Phoenix" }} Pang Tong (179–214),〔 courtesy name Shiyuan, was an adviser to the warlord Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han dynasty. Originally a minor official in Nan commandery in Jing Province (covering present-day Hubei and Hunan), Pang Tong came to serve Liu Bei in 209 after the latter was appointed as the provincial governor. In the early 210s, he accompanied Liu Bei on a military campaign to seize control of Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing) from the warlord Liu Zhang, but was killed by a stray arrow in a battle at Luo County (north of present-day Guanghan, Sichuan) in 214. ==Early life== Pang Tong was from Xiangyang commandery (襄陽郡; present-day Xiangyang, Hubei). In his youth, he looked plain and simple, so he was not highly regarded. When he reached adulthood (around 19 years old), he visited Sima Hui, who was famous for spotting and recommending men of talent. They came to a mulberry tree, where Sima Hui climbed up to get the fruit while Pang Tong sat below, and they chatted for a whole day until nightfall. Sima Hui felt that Pang Tong was an extraordinary person and called Pang "the crown of learned men in Jing Province". Subsequently, Pang Tong started gaining more recognition among the scholar-gentry.〔(...襄陽人也。少時樸鈍，未有識者。潁川司馬徽清雅有知人鑒，統弱冠往見徽，徽採桑於樹上，坐統在樹下，共語自晝至夜。徽甚異之，稱統當為南州士之冠冕，由是漸顯。) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 37.〕 Pang Tong was nicknamed "Fledging Phoenix" (鳳雛; also translated as "Young Phoenix") by his uncle Pang Degong (龐德公).〔(襄陽記曰：諸葛孔明為卧龍，龐士元為鳳雛，司馬德操為水鏡，皆龐德公語也。) ''Xiangyang Ji'' annotation in ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 37.〕 Pang Tong later served as an "Officer of Merit" (功曹) in Nan commandery (南郡; in present-day Jingzhou, Hubei). He was an appraiser, and his reviews of persons focused more on their personal virtues rather than their abilities. He was fond of ethical lessons and consistently strove to maintain his moral standards. He usually overpraised when he was asked to assess a person. At times, people were puzzled so they questioned him on why he did that, to which he replied, "The country is currently in a state of disorder. Good people are overwhelmed by the evil. I desire to change the social norm through encouraging good people by giving them a better (exaggerated) reputation, so they can serve as role models for others."〔(後郡命為功曹。性好人倫，勤於長養。每所稱述，多過其才，時人怪而問之，統荅曰：「當今天下大亂，雅道陵遲，善人少而惡人多。方欲興風俗，長道業，不美其譚即聲名不足慕企，不足慕企而為善者少矣。今拔十失五，猶得其半，而可以崇邁世教，使有志者自勵，不亦可乎？」) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 37.〕 In 209, Zhou Yu, a general under the warlord Sun Quan, occupied Nan commandery after the Battle of Jiangling. Zhou Yu was appointed as the Administrator (太守) of Nan commandery, and Pang continued to serve as a minor official under Zhou. When Zhou Yu died in 210, Pang Tong travelled to Jiangdong to attend Zhou's funeral, where he was warmly received by many people, who had heard of him before. Pang Tong met Lu Ji, Gu Shao (顧劭) and Quan Cong, and he appraised each of them. They were all very pleased with Pang Tong's comments and befriended him.〔(吳將周瑜助先主取荊州，因領南郡太守。瑜卒，統送喪至吳，吳人多聞其名。及當西還，並會昌門，陸績、顧劭、全琮皆往。統曰：「陸子可謂駑馬有逸足之力，顧子可謂駑牛能負重致遠也。」謂全琮曰：「卿好施慕名，有似汝南樊子昭。雖智力不多，亦一時之佳也。」績、劭謂統曰：「使天下太平，當與卿共料四海之士。」深與統相結而還。) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 37.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pang Tong」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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